According to Piaget's Theory of Cognitive development, there are four stages that every person goes through such as sensorimotor stage, pre-operational stage, concrete operational stage, and formal operational stage. First, the sensorimotor stage is from 0 to 2 years old, and we develop cognition through experience and movement using the five senses of development such as sight, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching. For instance, we develop the five senses of cognition development by playing hide and see with our parents, we listen to our family voices and talking to strangers. Babies experience tasting sensations with our moms feeding us and various kinds of baby food, we start to be curious about everything, such as the smell of flowers, and touching is experienced when we hold toys and baby wants to stand and walk everywhere especially touching everything. Next, Piaget's theory of cognitive development is the pre-operational stage that occurs when we are 2 to 7 years old, and we learn through symbolic and intuitive thoughts and learn to speak and understand words. In this stage, we play pretend situations, and we usually ask many questions because of our curiosity about the world. Also, this is the egocentric stage where we think that everyone should think like we understand the world. Third, the concrete operational stage from 7 to 11 years old is where we develop logic cognition. This is when we start to understand the objects and order of processes. For example, we start to understand math calculations such as 2 plus 3 is 5, and 10 minus two is 8. Another example is two different tall glasses with water experience that look like different measurements, but the result shows us they have the same quantity of water. Also, we learn more about self-awareness through reading, riding bikes, and conversations. Finally, Piaget teaches us about the formal operational stage that occurs with 12 years old and on. At this stage, we think more rationally and understand more about success and failure through people's behavior and our assumptions about every situation. For example, we understand that an object with 2 pounds is the same weight as two objects with 1 pound each. Also, relationships are the best experience. We learn how to get goals faster than just by ourselves. Overall, Piaget's theory of cognition development shows that there are four stages for every person, from birth to adolescence stage such as sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages, where we develop our cognition constantly.
Piaget's theory of cognitive development has positive and negative arguments about it. I want to point out three positive and three negative arguments. Piaget's theory of cognitive development has good structure, organized theory, and easy-to-understand patterns in each stage. But I don't believe that theory fits every culture also. Every race is different from each other, and we develop our cognition every day and every time of our life. First, Piaget's theory has a good structure in that he shows stages according to their specific ages. For example, sensorimotor from birth to 2 years old, pre-operational from 2 years old to 7 years old, concrete operational from 7 years old to 11 years old, and formal operational stage from 12 years old till the end of adolescence, so it is easy to see the structure of his theory this way. Second, his theory is well organized because, in the first stage, he explains the five human senses, in the second stage, he tells us about the symbolic and intuitive way cognition is developed, the third stage Piaget talks about logic cognition as a concrete operational stage, and finally, he teaches us about understanding failure and success throughout relationships and human behavior in a rationally cognitive development form. Finally, Piaget's theory is easy to understand because of the patterns of each stage, so we can learn that cognition is developed step-by-step and stage-by-stage throughout from birth to adolescence. As I mentioned earlier, there are three negative points that I disagree with Piaget's cognitive development, such as distinct cultures, different races, and everyday cognition development. First, there are so many distinct cultures that I believe that Piaget's theory probably doesn't apply to everyone. For instance, American culture is different from African cultures, so children's and adolescents' cognition are developed in a separate way. Next, the different race is correlated with cultural differences reasons because it is clear that the white race, Asians, Latinos, and black people have so cognitive development is different from race to race. For instance, Asian races are better in science, technology, engineering, and math than Latinos, and white races are better in leadership in comparison with Asians, Latinos are well known for manual tasks than white races, and black people aren't common in STEM fields so in this way is possible to see that cognitive race development are different. Finally, cognitive development is not staged by stage because in life everything happens together at the same time. Cognitive development occurs every day and everywhere, from birth to adult life. In conclusion, there is a negative analysis of Piaget's cognitive development theory, such as cultural distinctions, racial differences, and singular experiences in everyday life. Overall, Piaget's theory of cognitive development has positive and negative points, as explained throughout this article.
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